
When Lamar Alexander ran for the 1996 GOP presidential nomination, his campaign was built around his trademark red-and-black plaid shirts, virtuoso performances of "Alexander's Ragtime Band" on any handy piano, and an entirely forgettable (but impeccably delivered) stump speech. In fact, the only time I ever heard the former Tennessee governor depart from his robotic script was when the topic turned to Richard Nixon.
On a late-night plane flight across Florida, Alexander began animatedly reminiscing about his heady, youthful days as a staff aide in the 1969 Nixon White House, serving as gatekeeper for congressional relations chief Bryce Harlow. Long before Watergate, as Alexander recalled with abiding gratitude, Harlow advised him to go back to Tennessee and make his political career to avoid any ethical taint of being too closely associated with Nixon.
Now a two-term senator, Alexander invoked that formative period in a speech Wednesday, warning Barack Obama about the dangers of emulating, yes, Nixon. Speaking on the Senate floor, Alexander declared, "I want to make what I hope will be taken as a friendly suggestion to President Obama and his White House: Don't create an enemies list." It is hard not to see an ulterior political motive in linking Obama to the only president who resigned one step ahead of impeachment. Especially since Alexander also claimed that the Obama team's sharp elbows toward its enemies (from Fox News to the Chamber of Commerce) suggests a Nixon-style "animus developing in the Obama administration."
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It is an ironclad rule in public life: If the name Adolf Hitler leaps to your lips in making a comparison, slam your jaws shut. While Alexander is about the last active Republican leader with Nixon street cred, the same principle applies. You better have some strong evidence of criminal wrongdoing if you are going to play the Nixon card.
This is not to deny that there are hints of a bunker mentality developing around the Obama Oval Office. But that is pretty much par for the course in any administration once the initial inaugural glow gives way to the dreary realities of governing. Nothing, for example, is unprecedented about the Obama White House's trash talking and stiff-arming Fox News. Franklin Roosevelt spent his time in the White House at war with the ultra-conservative Chicago Tribune, which, in a typical stunt during the 1936 campaign, published a staged front page picture of a worker sweeping FDR buttons into the gutter after a presidential appearance in the city. And John Kennedy famously canceled the White House subscriptions to the New York Herald Tribune.
Stunts like this are a far cry from Nixon's enemies list. During his first year in office, Nixon angrily told aides, "Get the word out, down to the IRS, that I want them to conduct field audits of those who are our opponents." As a result, a Special Services Staff (the Nixon team was oblivious to implications of initials that resembled the SS) was established in the IRS to sift through the finances of administration critics. White House counsel John Dean – who later became the prime anti-Nixon witness at the Watergate hearings – wrote a blunt August 1971 memo about "using the available federal machinery to screw our political enemies." The weapons that Dean suggested using included "grant availability, federal contracts, litigation, prosecution, etc."
The formal enemies list – compiled from various memos already floating around the Nixon White House – eventually grew to about 200 names. From Democratic senators (George McGovern, Ted Kennedy, Walter Mondale) to prominent press figures (Mary McGrory, James Reston, Daniel Schorr, Jack Anderson) to celebrities (Bill Cosby, Paul Newman, Barbra Streisand and, unbelievably, Joe Namath), this was a portrait in paranoia.
As the years passed, it also became the 1970s liberal equivalent of having served in the French Resistance. Before I could interview Lloyd Cutler in the White House when he was Bill Clinton's counsel, the veteran Washington insider insisted on pointing out the framed copy of the page from the Watergate hearings transcript featuring his name on the Nixon enemies list. Hunter Thompson, whose acid prose (a reference to both the tone and the drug) in Rolling Stone excoriated the president, was forever disappointed that his name was missing from the Nixon roll call.
All presidents have enemies – and they have levers to use against them. Common techniques include freezing out recalcitrant journalists, banning critics from White House social events and absent-mindedly forgetting to notify senators about grants to their states. This kind of petty gamesmanship is legal if not exactly laudable.
But the Nixon enemies list was an ethical low point for the presidency, not because of the names themselves but because of the illegal punishments like punitive tax audits that were sometimes used against them. It is a distinction between carrying a grudge and committing a crime. And more than almost anyone, Lamar Alexander – who early on sensed the tenor of the Nixon White House – should know the difference.
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