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    Obama's Call to Arms in an Age of Limits

    Posted:
    12/2/09
    When Barack Obama is judged politically in 2012 on the success or failure of his Afghan policy, wounds will matter far more than words. If the Taliban and al-Qaida are crippled by the expansion of the war and if American casualties do not rise to Iraq war levels, then, in retrospect, Tuesday night's speech will have been a limited success. But speeches alone will not save Obama from disaster on the Afghan plain any more than a "Mission Accomplished" banner rescued George W. Bush from his Iraqi misadventure.

    The president seemed to recognize those unforgiving realities with his West Point speech by employing earthbound rhetoric rather than soaring metaphors. It was, in essence, a speech about limits, since America's commitment to Afghanistan has a limited timetable (the exit strategy calls for troop withdrawals beginning in the summer of 2011) and limited goals. The president was not promising anything like total victory but rather "a military strategy that will break the Taliban's momentum . . . over the next 18 months."

    But the lasting message about America and the tangible limits of its global power has been missed by the morning-after political and military analyses. The Obama speech should be seen as a counterpoint to the limitless resolve of John Kennedy's inaugural address, "We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty."

    In strapped and over-stretched 21st century America, all burdens come with a price tag. Historians looking back on the West Point speech may see it as the end of an era of American hegemony and self-confident overreaching.

    This was evident with Obama's explicit and unprecedented acknowledgement of America's financial limitations after spending (squandering?) almost $1 trillion in Iraq and Afghanistan. Modern wartime presidents never use language like Obama's line: "We can't simply afford to ignore the price of these wars." Or, as the president put it even more bluntly Tuesday night, "That's why our troop commitment in Afghanistan cannot be open-ended -- because the nation that I'm most interested in building is our own."

    Obama quoted only one prior president in his speech, a Republican who was not named Reagan or Lincoln or even Roosevelt. Instead Obama summoned up the words of Dwight Eisenhower, a shadowy 1950s figure for Americans younger than John McCain. The quote Obama used was a bit ungainly -- not the sort of rhetoric apt to be etched in marble. Discussing national security, Eisenhower said, "Each proposal must be weighed in the light of a broader consideration: the need to maintain balance in and among national programs."

    JFK's unbridled inaugural address was a direct response to the budget-conscious Cold War policies of the Eisenhower administration. As Michael Mandelbaum, who holds the chair in American foreign policy at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, puts it, "Eisenhower was the last American president who worried about the costs of things. He wanted to depend on nuclear weapons because he believed that we can't be fighting Korean Wars all over the world."

    Even mired in the deep economic doldrums, America is still able – barely – to maintain its overseas commitments. We have not yet reached (and may never reach) a dramatic breaking point like that moment in February 1947 when the broke and bedraggled British government, still reeling from the aftermath of World War II, announced that it was unable to sustain its military forces in the eastern Mediterranean. Forty thousand British soldiers abruptly were withdrawn from the battle against communist insurgents in Greece. Turkey was left in similar jeopardy.

    London, of course, correctly assumed that Washington would pick up the slack. The immediate result was the Truman Doctrine and the beginning of a 40-year American commitment to resist communist aggression.

    But this time around, there is no one to stand in for America. Pleas and pressure can barely wring out of Europe an additional 5,000 troops for Afghanistan. So the extra $30 billion a year that Obama is pledging to support the Afghan surge is akin to a gambler's last bet before he is finally tapped out. That, sadly enough, may be the enduring message from the West Point speech.
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    Walter Shapiro

    Walter Shapiro, a PoliticsDaily.com columnist, has covered the last eight presidential campaigns as a columnist and political reporter... more

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