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Supreme Court Narrows Requirements for Miranda Rights Warning

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Voting along ideological lines, a divided Supreme Court Monday slightly narrowed the scope of the so-called Miranda warning, ruling in a 5-4 case out of that a suspect must affirmatively and unambiguously invoke his right to remain silent in order to preclude prosecutors from later using any statements he may make at the time.
"There is good reason to require an accused who wants to invoke his or her right to remain silent to do so unambiguously," Justice Anthony Kennedy declared in what probably constitutes the understatement of the day.
The case came about as a result of the questioning of an Ohio man named Van Chester Thompkins, who was picked up in 2000 on suspicion of murder and attempted murder. Thompkins was properly read his rights and said that he understood them - but he neither expressly waived his right to remain silent or invoked his privilege against self-incrimination.
Nearly three hours later, after a series of short, clipped answers, Thompkins, when asked if he prayed to God for forgiveness for "shooting the boy down," responded "yes." It was this incriminating answer that prosecutors later sought to introduce at the trial - a trial which resulted in Thompson's conviction.
Sonia SotomayorThe majority's decision, authored by Justice Kennedy and endorsed by his four conservative colleagues, limits the contours of the Court's "implied waiver" doctrine and is likely to encourage law enforcement officials to continue questioning suspects even where there may be a question about whether that suspect's right to remain silent has been invoked.
"Thompkins did not say that he wanted to remain silent or that he did not want to talk to police," Justice Kennedy said. "Had he made either of these simple, unambiguous statements, he would have invoked his 'right to cut off questioning.' Here he did neither, so he did not invoke his right to remain silent."
The ruling gives the benefit of the doubt of ambiguity during questioning to the police and to prosecutors and not to the defendant, a point that troubled Justice Sonia Sotomayor and the Court's liberal wing.
Quite active on this point during oral argument in March, she issued a sharp dissent on Tuesday. "Criminal suspects must now unambiguously invoke their right to remain silent - which counter-intuitively, requires them to speak," she said.
"At the same time, suspects will be legally presumed to have waived their rights even if they have given no clear expression of their intent to do so. Those results, in my view, find no basis in Miranda or our subsequent cases and are inconsistent with the fair-trial principles on which those precedents are grounded."
Filed Under: Crime, Law, Supreme Court

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ettu

Sotomayer gave her usual skewed opinion of an issue. This woman has a tendency to out-think herself, which is generally a male trait. She believes she is impressing someone with her profound opinions, but, in truth, she simply condemns herself to irrelevancy on this all important Court. Yes, it was a mistake to affirm her appointment to the SCOTUS. We now have an untold number of decades to suffer under her misguided rulings.

June 03 2010 at 8:44 AM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
amafam4

If you never been in this situation you should not speak. Waive your own Miranda right sort of speak and keep it to your self. I say this from experiencing a run in with the Feds, Even if you understand your right and remain silent they will still insist in talking to you some other way in a more like friendly tone or ask you questions about a beach or some other landmark near by to break you so you can talk. It is reverse pchsycology tactics that they try to impose; it is a game for them even if your innocent they don't care.

June 02 2010 at 7:10 AM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
dcpeck50

Isn't it a shame that you know the outcome of all supreme court decisions...before
they even rule. Makes you want to cry.

June 01 2010 at 6:25 PM Report abuse -1 rate up rate down Reply
marktmurphy5

I read Sotomayor's dissent. I guess I understand her point, but disagree with her interpretation of the events. Thompkins did indeed have the right to remain silent. I don't think the right to remain silent means that questions can't be asked. It means he doesn't have to answer them. When answering the question "...if he prayed to God for forgiveness for "shooting the boy down," and responding "yes" it seems an unambiguous waiver to me. If he wanted to invoke the right he could have simply not answered. Thompkins does not claim that he never made the statement, just that it couldn't be used. Think Sotomayor is barking up the wrong tree on this one.

I'm not sure why in this day and age interrogations aren't taped or recorded to avoid some of the points Sotomayor raises.

June 01 2010 at 6:11 PM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
lolattoadies

"Criminal suspects must now unambiguously invoke their right to remain silent - which counter-intuitively, requires them to speak," she said.

As predicted, simple thoughts from a simple mind.

June 01 2010 at 5:44 PM Report abuse +2 rate up rate down Reply
hamstart

Sotomayor is exactly right -- it makes no sense to require a person suspected of a crime to be told they have the right to remain silent "and that anything you say can be used against you in a court of law" and then to require that person to break their silence in order to say words to the effect that they wish to remain silent. Will the words they say to invoke their right to remain silent then be used against them in a court of law? Under the US Supreme Court decision US v Hale (1976), the fact that a person suspected of a crime remained silent cannot be used as evidence against him. What about the words said to invoke the right of silence? For example, "I want to remain silent because I was nowhere the scene of the crime." Can that statement be used as evidence at trial? Or what if the person remains mute, thus (under this new interpretation) not invoking their right to remain silent? Can silence in this situatio be used as evidence of guilt? It appears to me that this decision is very inconsistent with the Constitutional principles underlying prior Supreme Court decisions and will generate a new line of cases chipping away at the Miranda warning rights -- which are grounded in the Constitutional right of a person not to be required to incriminate themselves.

June 01 2010 at 4:40 PM Report abuse -3 rate up rate down Reply
3 replies to hamstart's comment
theherd1969

What's the big deal over this Supreme Court ruling? The police DID advise the defendant of his Miranda rights, which, among other provisions, clearly informs all defendants that: "Anything You Say "CAN BE USED AGAINST YOU" In A Court Of Law. In this case the defendant, when asked if he prayed to God for forgiveness for "shooting the boy down," responded "yes." BINGO! That's an admission of guilt! NEXT CASE.

June 01 2010 at 2:15 PM Report abuse +5 rate up rate down Reply
getgary01

Sotomayer's argument is ridiculous. Proclaiming an understanding of what has just been told to them does not incriminate them one bit and makes it clear that they do not wish to speak without a lawyer.

June 01 2010 at 1:14 PM Report abuse +6 rate up rate down Reply
2 replies to getgary01's comment
jimwzdp

Chuck, come on. The purpose of the Miranda warning is to advise subjects that what they say can be used against them - in other words, incriminating statements. Under your apparent - and Sotomayor's stated - reasoning, once a suspect invoked he right to remain "silent" he couldn't even ask to go to the bathroom. The right to remain silent is the right not to incriminate yourself, not to sit there quietly (although that is the best way to do it).

June 01 2010 at 3:00 PM Report abuse rate up rate down Reply
getgary01

Defendent? A person is not a "defendent" until they have been charged with a crime.

June 01 2010 at 3:54 PM Report abuse +3 rate up rate down Reply

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